Captions provided by @chaselfrazier and @whitecoatcapxg.
      "Trace from Space."
      By: Kevin Bullock.
      >> Welcome back, everybody.  Our first speaker after the break is Kevin Bullock.
      [Applause]
      >> Good morning.  All right.  Thank you.  Thank you.  So I want to get everyone involved.  How many people are having a good time at State of the Map U.S.?
      [Applause]
      All right.  Very good.  How many people are here for the first time at a State of the Map?  That's like 50%.  Great.  So welcome.  Another question.  How many people here are active editors of OpenStreetMap?  Like, once a month, once a day, okay.  Most people.  Some are not raising their hands.  That's okay.  If you have someone sitting next to you, have a conversation after this.
      Two more questions.  Of those people who are actively contributing, who uses imagery as they're making their edits?  Okay.  Of the people who just raised their hand, how many people know what DigitalGlobe is?  Okay.  So several.  That gives me a feel of who I'm talking to.  This is my fourth presentation at State of the Map.  And in meeting a lot of you and knowing a lot of you, I know many of you are very technical, lots of developers out there, lots of engineers, and so I've kept my presentations in the past very technical to try to meet people's requirements and make sure everyone's happy.  But what's funny is invariable during Q and A, I get questions about nontechnical stuff.  So I compiled a list of FAQs.  This is what people ask me about.  Phillip asked me about this last night.  What is your business model?  I get the technical stuff.  Tell me what you guys do.  Who is DigitalGlobe.  Why are you licensing data?  Why don't you make it open to everyone else?  And is DigitalGlobe doing small stats?  So what I thought I would do today is preemptively hit all of these FAQs so you don't have to ask them today and also since it's being recorded when people ask me, I can just give them a YouTube URL.  It would make myself a lot easier.
      So absolute use of emoji, I'll walk you through our business model.  DigitalGlobe is a publicly traded company on the New York stock exchange so everyone is free to spend $20 to buy a share.  We're a public company, all our financials are open on SCC.gov.  We raise money through these markets and through share owners to launch satellites into space.  We also build ground system around the world to download information and send commanders up to our satellites.  We then invest in computers and what we call factories to process all the state work collecting about 70 terabytes of data per day.  Is anybody here from AWS?  Well, they owe me lunch because we spend a lot of money in AWS, we have about 80 plus archived data in the cloud.  We launched API last year and checked out our development page, we have a free tier.  So if you're a developer, you can start off free using DigitalGlobe partnering with Mapbox on that.
      We are licensing our content.  We're a data licenser.  The way I explain it to my mother is it's like Pixar licensing a film.  People go and pay money to watch that film and there's a value.  So we're licensing content much like music industry, video game industry.  I know it's not the sexiest thing in the world.  Some people do find it very interesting.  But it's our business model.  It's how we make money.  We are licensing data to the government, we're licensing data to companies such as these, many of them are in the room.  Mapbox and Microsoft as an example license our content and then publish it into IV editor and JOSM and all the tools we use and that's where we get the imagery from.  Just making sure I didn't turn off my mic.
      So if you need somebody from Mapbox or Microsoft today, buy them a coffee and shake their hand because that's how we as editors of OpenStreetMap get access to world of satellite imagery.  They're paying us fees, we take that money and build more satellites.  And I'm going to show you what that looks like in real life.  The reason we do this is satellites have a short life span.  Mission life about seven or eight years.  We can usually extend that by a few years.  We have three streets that have been up in space for almost a decade that we will decompetition at some point.  We don't do this, there's no imagery.
      There's always exceptions to the rule, though.  Or exceptions to our model.  And there's who volunteer with humanitarian OpenStreetMap, you'll know that since the earthquake in Haiti, we've been providing data openly in times of crisis.  Or you might have volunteered in Nepal, Dale mentioned there's 8,000 volunteers.  So we make our data open in times of need when people need help relief organizations.  So we are trying to standardize this.  It's been really reactive in Ecuador this past year, we license our data under creative common zero.  Fully public.  Which is never as I understand, never been done by a company who licensed content for a business.  We made creative common zero.  People seem to like that.  We got great feedback.
      Thank you for getting that joke.  Thank you for getting the licensing joke.  So in real life, this is the stock exchange, I was there a couple of Christmases ago, saw where they actually trade our -- it's a weird place that I took that image.  That's where there's not a photo credit on the bottom.  This is world V four.  Our newest satellite we've built.  Taken us years to build it, it's in Sunnyville right now and going to be launched into space.  It's a culmination of years and years of work.  As you probably noticed, this is not a small satellite.  There's a few clues in the image to give you scale.  This is a big satellite.  This is what a launch looks like.  This was world V3 launched a few years ago.  What you're seeing here is the most dangerous part of the satellite's life.  Space is very quiet and stable place.  This is a very unstable event with acoustics, vibration, news, a few hundred kilograms of rocket fuel sitting underneath.  So we will be doing this in I think 55 days in September 15th, and we'll be launching that satellite image I just showed you a picture of.
      So once -- and, by the way, this is on YouTube.  This is my video here as well.  You hear a lot of people screaming and yelling, it's cool.
      Once satellites get up into space, this is what our or bits look like.  This is not a simulation, this is not marketing.  These are actually the ground tracks of our satellite today if you look at the top, you'll see today's date.  These are the Orbitz so they come over the North Pole, South Pole, we do about 15 Orbitz a day so we see the entire world.  You'll see that three satellites are lined up here and they're Colorado, Utah, they're coming through Seattle.  And actually if you watch the time, they're right above us right now taking a shot.  There's one way off in the east coast, she used to be lined up with the other ones.  We moved her to an afternoon orbit.  So you'll see it's afternoon in New York City right now, it's taking a shot.  It took us two years to do this and a couple thousand dollars of fuel to move it over.  So despite what you see in the movies, you can't just send a command up to a satellite and move orbit.  It took us two years.  What we can do is give us more coverage we can see the cities in the morning and then the afternoon perform.
      By the way, if you come to our workshop tomorrow since its citizen to be in Seattle tomorrow, which is rare, we're going to try to do a selfie from space tomorrow.  So come to our workshop.  James is going to entertain us.  He's very excited to entertain everyone, go outside and take a shot from space and mark, we need to see your orange vest so we see the spectacle signature of your vest.
      This is what the grounds look like, images don't come down as geo,we have to process them.  This is what you're used to seeing.  Another example here.  Our satellites have gyros on them so we can angle our satellites and look at things in different what we call off meter angle, some people might call it oblique.  So you're seeing the facade of buildings here.  Here's an example and this is for grant.  This was Manhattan, we shot it earlier in the year.  You might be saying, oh, I've seen that shot a million times.  But you've probably never seen it taken from 500 kilometers southeast of Bermuda.
      [Laughter]
      We're in the middle of the Atlantic ocean.  Instead of taking pictures of water, we angle our satellites back and take really awesome pictures of cities like you're seeing here.  And even at that very extreme angle, the resolution of this image is about one meter per pixel.
      Mount Kilimanjaro, same concept.  Mount Rushmore from a few weeks ago.  Seattle.  Seattle University, we're sitting right here.  And this is as OpenStreetMap vendors we're used to seeing images like this; right?  IV editor, JOSM, Ecuador.  So this is the whole model identify given you the five-minute or seven minute overview of how we as a business are sustainable.  How we are able to launch more satellites and how you as editors give access to imagery.
      So that's the model.  And as I was doing this, I was, like, well, there's tons of sources of imagery; right?  There's aerial companies as well Cervix, Sanborn, UAV startups.  They're doing something similar where they're flying aircraft and licensing data.  Most of them are privately held, so it's a slightly different business model.  We all have Landsat.  This is a government model.  There's a hearing a couple of months ago now where a representative from NASA said, well, it's not like the data are free.  It's just that we don't make you pay for it twice.  So if you're a taxpayer in the United States, we've paid for Landsat.  And they don't make us -- they don't charge us twice.  So it's not really free.  It's open.  But we're paying for it.  Those satellites cost over a billion dollars each, so we're paying for it.
      There's a ton of satellite startups that are venture capital back.  Different model than ours.  We're a public company.  They're venture capital.  Their business model is TV.  They're experimenting, we wish them well.  We actually as DigitalGlobe, people think, oh, we're the incumbents going to get disrupted by all of these disruptors.  We're fine with that.  We need more commercial companies up in space.  It shows that it's a viable medium and government, it's not like they're doubling NASA budgets every year, they're trying to cut back.  So we of an more commercial companies up in space and we're working with these startups to see how our technology complements each other.  It's not the same.  This is our resolution.  So our resolution is in the sub50-centimeter, NASA is 15-meter, planet labs is three to five meter.  And accuracy, our satellites are very accurate.  We have a big platform, stable base to achieve accuracy.  That's really important for those who have played imagery offset tool.  We're at three meters now, we're driving that down to a meter.  That's -- I don't need to I don't even have state it, that's very important when it comes to mapping.  And one of the challenges with UAVs and with microstats is that they're not stable so they're drifting and sometimes you get 20 meet or 100-meter inaccuracy.  Or I guess it's accuracy, but call it inaccuracy.
      So here's a scale model of what this looks like.  Where you see a person there, there's what -- how big a planet labs satellite is, all the way to world view 3.  We're using the latest in software technology to minimize our software footprint.  The reason our satellites are big is mainly because of physics; right?  Physics, as far as we know physics are constant in our galaxy and other galaxies physics may be different.  So smaller satellites might perform differently in other galaxies.  But as far as we know, in this galaxy they perform at a certain way.  I'll show you the equation here coming up.
      Also happens there's a lot of debris in space.  We had an incident where one of our satellites absorbed some debris.  Turning out having a big satellite is good for that event because the incident happened in the morning, we collected this image in the afternoon and tweeted it out.  So our satellite's doing fine, but it did take an impact.
      All right.  The formula for resolution is not a secret.  It's very simple.  You want -- if you want high resolution, you want a small number on the left.  So you want a low number in the numerator and small -- I'm sorry a big number in the denominator.  Sorry I get distracted by the five minutes thing.
      So this is what it looks like lower orbit.  You have the space station, they have a 400-millimeter focal length lens up there, like a $10,000 lens and they're taking shots.  That's 300 kilometer orbit with focal length of about world meter.  World view 3 has 16-meter, if any of you are photographers, 16-meter focal length would blow your mind if you use it on earth.  To use an example if you were to take a picture from a Hollywood sign in Los Angeles, you could see a beach ball on the Golden Gate Bridge taking out the curvature of the earth and terrain, that's what it would be.
      So this is what it looks like.  This is a shot from ISS in Vancouver.  You zoom in and it starts to get grainy.  This is what we do as mappers.  We always want to zoom in; right?  This is Landsat.  Zoom in, it gets grainy, zoom in, still a little bit grainy.  This is what a DigitalGlobe satellite looks like, and you can even zoom in further and see markings on the ground.  That's what this is all about is extracting information from imagery to do our mapping.  And that little sequence I just showed you, that's how technology in the satellite world can show together.  I just showed you the zoom in, and I showed you the difference between what a Landsat resolution versus planet labs and DigitalGlobe.  So actually I think these technologies are very complementary, not competitive.  Despite marketing campaigns of some of our competitors.
      So this is where I kind of finish off, and I'm going to set up Anand Thakker on his presentation.  Datasets are great.  So we're running algorithms.  This is actually -- this kind of is like Dale's presentation from the keynote this morning.  This is building materials that we've automatically extracted from nonvisible wavelengths.  We're collecting RGB plus 16 other nonvisible wavelengths.  We detect building materials.  We can detect the health of forests.  This is an infrared image red means things are good, brown means things are bad.  This could have been a fire, beetle infestation.  These are things we're trying to deliver answers.  This one, sorry I don't have a key on this.  I actually pulled it.  But then the last few weeks I've been marking trees in OpenStreetMap and I don't know who's marked trees in OpenStreetMap but it's almost mind-numbing.  So there's a lot of trees in the world so let's throw a algorithm against it and at least get a baseline of all the trees, and we can clean that up.  We're looking for land parcels and swimming pools.  This is a project in Australia where we're trying to identify every home in Australia with a swimming pool.  And the government is interested in that to make sure that people are maintaining their swimming pools and not creating mosquito infestations.  Change.  This is Cupertino over the last six years.  This is the campus.  It's really interesting.  We can detect this from algorithms and this is just a visual way of showing you the last six years, seven years in Cupertino.
      The purpose of our company is seeing a better world.  So this is actually a campaign we're running right now to count, using a crowd, count seals in Antarctica.  Anyone is free to join this.  And this is what seals look like in our imagery.  So feel free to go check that out.  So, again, it's not just the imagery of Antarctica but what can we take from that and actually learn something?
      So in closing, this is credit.  Dale had this in his slide and did not properly credit Charlie Lloyd, this is Charlie, e at Mapbox, it's from a Japanese satellite.  I -- the reason I like this, I'm going to play it again.  I'll try to play it again.  There we go.  When you look at the world today, it's a crazy, chaotic, violent messed up -- I mean we live in the U.S.  We've seen the politics.  Humans are doing the best we can to ruin this planet.  When you look at it from space, it's the opposite.  It's quiet, it's obviously quiet, the sound in space.  It's very pristine.  Thank you for getting that joke as well.  The earth is beautiful from space.  And you don't see all the noise we're creating.  It's simple and beautiful and OpenStreetMap to me is an abstraction of that image.  It's -- an abstraction of how we see the earth from space and its beauty and all the things we built on the ground and all the features that the earth has, and it's an abstraction from that.  So, for me, OpenStreetMap has been very therapeutic, and it's great to see the community.  I've been doing OSM for five years back when it was a hobby, and everyone said it's a hippie pet project that's not going to work.  Now it's real.  So thank you for everything you do, and thank you for coming to your presentation.  I'll take some questions.
      [Laughter]
      >> Great presentation.
      >> Thank you.
      >> So I work in a lot of areas where there's little to no data in OpenStreetMap and there's no high resolution imagery and there's not much motivation across the commercial companies involved to get imagery.  So have you any ideas about how we can solve that problem?
      >> Great question.  You're absolutely right.  We can solve that problem.  DigitalGlobe we've mapped every square meter of the entire world at high res.  That data's available, and I'll tell you right now, we're working with several entities, some may or may not be in this room, to provide even more imagery to OpenStreetMap beyond what's available in Bing maps and Mapbox satellite.  So we collected the data, and it's just a matter of us finding the right distribution to get it to everyone.  But we have the entire world mapped at high res.  So the data's there, we just have to figure out how to connect the dots to end users.
      Follow digit globe social media, whatever, follow me.  Because in the next few months, we'll have some exciting news about that.
      Mike Thompson.
      >> Thanks, first of all, for the digital support to humanitarian mapping and your personal support.  And this might be related to the previous question, I know you're a for profit company, so maybe it's a plea to our government friends in the room.  I know you have the ability to provide not only more current imagery but historical, hey, there's clouds in this image, let me go back a month, I can't tell if that's a bus or a building, let's go back in time and see if it's still there.  If, you know, you get funding from some folks in the government if you could provide something like that for humanitarian mapping, it would be a huge help.
      >> Okay.  And just so everyone -- Mike is basically saying -- let me put it differently.  We've been operating satellites for 15 years.  Actually more than that.  17.  We launched ICONOS in 1999.  Some of you were probably born in 1999 I'm guessing.  So we basically have this time series we can go back into and this archive image of 80 petabytes.  We had a scientist come in who's measuring -- you can look them up.  Extreme eye surveys, measuring the glacial and he's, like, listen, glaciers in ice are going to be nonexistent in 100 years and what you have seen is a resource that's disappearing.  So that's a different example.  But we do actually have depth in our archive if you looked at a city of Seattle, we probably have 1,000 images of Seattle over the last 17 years.  So to go back in time so to speak and see the changes over time and see the differences between the imagery, that's something we can solve.  We can solve it, we just have to figure out how to do it.
      >> A couple of years ago, the law was changed to allow high resolution imagery to be distributed.
      >> Yeah.
      >> And I think DigitalGlobe just immediately switched, started distributing high resolution imagery.  Is the legal now caught up with the technical?
      >> No.  So we're licensed through Noah, and we are -- you can read through this.  We are continually putting pressure on Noah to give us more relaxation in what we can distribute.  What you're referring to is in 2013 or 2014 we could only distribute 50-centimeter imagery, nothing below.  We started building world view 3 in 2010 with the capability of doing 30-centimeter.  So we -- four years before the policy change, we started building technology to do something better than we were actually licensed to do.  And to give you an example, we're collecting shortwave infrared imagery that were restricted to 7.5 meters, but we can actually collect it in much higher resolution, so we're continuing to put pressure on Noah and the United States government to allow us to do more higher technology distribution of what we're able to collect.  So today it's at 25-centimeter, that cap for RGB imagery.  We're looking ahead, and we want to build satellites that will do better than 25 centimeters.  But we need help from Noah to let us distribute that.  We're -- Orbitz are regulated by U.S. government.
      I think I have time for one more.
      >> Clifford here.
      >> Hi, Clifford.
      >> Thank you very much for coming and thank you very much for the workshop we're having tomorrow.  I'm looking forward to that.
      >> Okay.
      >> Question, I think in JOSM I can get the date when these were taken.
      >> Yes.
      >> On Mapbox I can't.  It would really help because sometimes I have no idea if that's new or old building.
      >> Sure.
      >> Will you fix that?
      >> Yeah.  We can fix that.  Every image we take has about 100 lines of metadata from the accuracy of that image to the exact millisecond when it was taken.  So the metadata is there, and it's just a matter of propagating it into the tools.  I totally agree.  Not knowing when an image was taken is very frustrating.  Am I looking at an image from last week or from six years ago?  So I know Mapbox team is here, we can work out here and a few others.  They have the metadata, and it's just a matter of enhancing the tools.
      >> So it's Alex's fault?
      [Laughter]
      >> Yeah.  Well, Alex -- I'm going to give credit to Alex.  I presented in Birmingham a few years ago and talked about our satellite imagery, and he said when is it going to be available for OSM?  That was the question I got.  And we did it months after you asked that question.  So Alex has helped propagate imagery into OSM and Mapbox team can do even more in terms of metadata.  So thank you, Alex.
      [Applause]
      >> Thank you.
      [Applause]